TECHNIQUES OF COUNSELLING

 ACCORDING TO WILLIAMSON 

*ESTABLISHING RAPPORT *SELF UNDERSTANDING *ADVISING AND PLANNING A PROGRAMME OF ACTION  *HELP TO OTHER PERSONAL WORKERS

   The techniques used by the counselling should be according to the pupil uniqueness and personality. WILLIAMSON has described the techniques of counselling under the following------

1)- ESTABLISHING RAPPORT:-- When a client visits the counselor for the first time the counselor should welcome his client. He should make him comfortable and he should be taken in to confidence. The main basis of establishing rapports is the fame of the counsellor's ability respect for individuality,confidence before the interview and developing relations with the people. 

2) SELF UNDERSTANDING :--- The pupil or the client should possess the knowledge and understanding of the own abilities and responsibilities very clearly. The client should understand all these before using these abilities and responsibilities. Therefore the counselor should have the experience of test administration and interpretation of the test score provide a strong base for diagnosis and prognosis in the counselling process. 

3)- ADVISING AND PLANNING A PROGRAMME OF ACTION:-- The counselor starts with the client's objectives and his attitudes etc. and indicates favourable and unfavourable facts or data. The counselor does not fear while giving advice or direct suggestions because the pupil does not understand the utility of scores. In this the counselor gives his advice very frankly. This type of method is appropriate for tough minded people who oppose any activity and who do not fear of failure. 

4) - HELP TO OTHER PERSONAL WORKERS:-- No counselor can also all types of problems of the pupil. He should recognize his limitations and he should be given the knowledge of sources of specialised help.

    Counselor should take note of the following for the solution of the problem:---

*SILENCE:- Sometimes, silent listening prove more effective in different situations. When a client is describing his problems the counselor adopts silence. This ensures the client about the counselor full attention to words the clients narration. It also ensure the client about the counselor serious thinking on the client's problems. 

*ACCEPTANCE :-- The counselor should grant temporary acceptance to the client case. Sometimes the counselor said such words which give impression that he is understanding very clearly whatever the client is standing for example- all right,very good, yes etc.

*CLARIFICATION:-- At some occasion the counselor should clarify what the client says, it is the duty of the counselor to make the client familiar with the fact that he is understanding the client and he accept him. But sometimes it becomes necessary to clarify the client explanation while clarifying the client should not feel any compulsion. 

*RESTATEMENT:--- Acceptance and restatement both ensure the client that the counselor understands and accepts him. Through restatement the counselor repeat what the client has stated. But the counselor does not apply an correction or clarification during client assessment while restating at his own.

*APPROVAL:-- The client expressed his different views regarding his problems. The counselor approves some of them and disapproves others. The ideas which are approved affect the client very much.

*ASKING QUESTION:-- The counselor should ask some questions to inspire the client to express more ideas. These questions should be asked just after the clients statements is over.

*SYMPATHY:-- Use of sympathy just to remove the clients tension and to make the conversation interesting has become the necessity of the day.

*SUMMARY CLASSIFICATION:-- Some part of the clients statements may not be useful. In such situations it becomes necessary for the counselor to shorten the clients statements and to organize it properly so that the client may understand the problem. The counselor should always try not to add his own ideas.

*ANALYSIS:-- The counselor can initiative by presenting some solutions to the clients problems, but the counselor cannot force the client to act upon that situations. He leaves it up to the client whether to accept or reject that solution or to apply some modification. The client cannot be put under pressure in this regard.

*INTERPRETATION:-- The counselor should have the right to interpret the clients statements or explanations only. He should not add from his own side. He concludes the result out of clients statements. The client alone is unable to derive results. It is important to note here that the result concluded by the counselor and result derived from the tests may agree or may not agree.

*ASSURANCE:-- The techniques of providing assurance to the client develop optimism in the client regarding the solutions of his problems. Through assurance the counselor approves the statements of the client and also provides support along with approval.